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MATLAB by Example: Conditionals

R2023b

Conditional logic uses `if`, `elseif`, and `else`. This sample demonstrates decision making based on values.

Code

x = rand(); % Random number between 0 and 1

if x > 0.8
    disp('High value');
elseif x > 0.5
    disp('Medium value');
else
    disp('Low value');
end

% Switch statement
grade = 'B';

switch grade
    case 'A'
        disp('Excellent');
    case 'B'
        disp('Good');
    case {'C', 'D'}
        disp('Fair');
    otherwise
        disp('Unknown');
end

Explanation

The if statement allows you to execute code based on logical conditions. The syntax involves if, optional elseif blocks, an optional else block, and a final end. Conditions usually involve comparison operators like == (equal), ~= (not equal), <, >, and logical operators like && (AND) and || (OR).

For checking a variable against a set of discrete values, the switch statement is often cleaner than a long chain of elseifs. You provide an expression to the switch keyword and define case blocks for matching values. You can match multiple values in a single case by enclosing them in a cell array (curly braces).

An otherwise block in a switch statement acts like the else in an if statement, catching any values that didn't match previous cases. This is useful for error handling or providing default behavior.

Code Breakdown

3
if x > 0.8 starts the conditional block.
19
case {'C', 'D'} matches if grade is either 'C' or 'D'.
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